Clearly the dictionary moves on, and the data for that is what is in usage. At some point a new spelling has to enter the dictionary, and at some point a disused spelling has to be marked as obsolete. There is clearly a matter of judgement, or judgment even, over these things. I think they are in general quite reluctant to admit something as no longer an error, even when people pronounce it as they misspell it.tom p wrote: Fri Feb 18, 2022 9:34 amThat's because it records the way people write sh.t, rather than what's right & what's acceptable to Susie Dent isn't necessarily acceptable to the rest of us.Woodchopper wrote: Fri Feb 18, 2022 9:30 am I checked with the OED and both spellings are acceptable.
I think 4 levels (at least) of variant spelling can be distinguished, and are distinguished by dictionaries.
-Variant spellings that are considered a matter of taste, such as judgment vs judgement as cited above.
-Variant spellings that have come into sufficiently widespread use, for example commonly seen in publications, signage and documents, that they are recorded in the dictionary, but with an indication that it is a deprecated or irregular form. An example is "focussed".
-Variant spellings that are sufficiently widely seen to be mentioned in the dictionary, but with a note that they are considered errors. In some cases, the variant spelling indicates a different pronunciation, or pronounciation, that is actually in use. Such variants are generally not found in official documents, etc. Examples include pronounciation and mischievious. In the case of mischievious, it has been going on for about 500 years.
-Variant spellings that are commonly seen, but not mentioned at all becasue they are acknowledged as errors. Examples include definate, intergrate, becasue, concensus, etc.
Focussed/focusses/focussing is an interesting boundary case. The OED (when parts of it were still free to view online) said of these that they are "irregular spellings". What it means is that it breaks the spelling rules on when to double the final consonant before an ending like -ed. But it is in sufficiently common use that it is treated as a variant. My suspicion would be that at some point the Word spell-checker decided to "allow" it for UK English, which is doubtless a considerable influence on its propagation. It is now widely seen in official documents. I suspect its march cannot be resisted.
Why did focussed get through, when pronounciation and mischievious remain so strongly resisted, despite such widespread common use? I can only suspect that the use of a focus as a verb is recent, that its commonly used compounds with the double s came with it. I had a friend at university who became a lexicographer with the OED. The last time I saw him was in the mid-90s, and "focus" being a suddenly frequently used verb at that point, I asked him whether he thought the s should be doubled. He admitted that he worked only words beginning with C and D, and not F. He then spoke the word "focused" as though it rhymed with "accused", thus indicating to me he thought it should be a double s. Of course, I caught him off-guard, and he spoke without thought. Nevertheless, thinking I had as close to an official opinion as I could have, I wrote it with a double s myself for a few years. Then finally I thought about it and realised the rule I learned at primary school - which I checked to make sure I had all the details - implied a single s. And then I later the OED wrote as I described above. I will also note that I have found inconsistencies in the OED - different rulings on essentially similar issues in different words.
I once had a bit of a spelling issue in a study for one of the many extinct financial regulators, that I participated in the mid-90s. It was about the Sumitomo copper affair. We had much discussion with the numerous people we had to interview over comingled funds or co-mingled funds, whatever the word was. At least that was the word as everyone we met said it and wrote it in their written submissions to our study also. So, which of those should we use? I looked in the dictionary and discovered it was commingled. My boss at the time refused to accept the dictionary spelling. She decided that it was kind of a new word, not the one in the dictionary. So we wrote it as co-mingled, but did mention the problem to the client. The client chose commingled. And actually started saying it that way too. And that seemed to be enough to inform the trade that was the proper word, and they all started using it after that.